XRF

XRF is the traditional method used to determine the major element oxides as well as some trace elements. Two principal sample pretreatment techniques are used: pressed powders and glass disks. Pressed powders are subject to particle size effects which increase analytical uncertainty, particularly in the light elements, hence the requirement for fusion technology to obtain more precise major element data. Pressed powders are more suited for heavier elements, in particular those present in ppm concentrations or higher.

SAMPLE PRETREATMENT AND ANALYSES
The prices below do not include the primary sample preparation, however prices include the appropriate fusion or pressed powder pretreatment for analysis by XRF.

Pressed powder preparation
The sample is mixed with suitable binder and milled to sub 45µm. The pulp is then pressed into a disk (briquette) in a steel ring. Note that the analyses are subject to particle size effects which may compromise the accuracy.

Fusion disk preparation
The sample is mixed with a suitable flux (usually lithium borate mixtures) and fused. The product is then poured into a mould to obtain a homogenous glass disk.

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA)

Thermo gravimetric LOI analyses at up to four different temperatures - ideally suited to iron ore samples.

Package 1: Fusion for Fe ore using simultaneous XRF

As (10) Al2O3 (0.01%) Ba (100) CaO (0.01%) Cl (0.002%) Co (100) Cr (50)
Cu (50) Fe (0.01%) K2O (0.01%) MgO (0.01%) Mn (0.005%) Na2O (0.01%) Ni (50)
P (0.001%) Pb (50) S (0.002%) SiO2 (0.01%) Sn (50) TiO2 (0.01%) V (20)
Zn (50)
LOI (4 temperatures).

$30.00 per sample

Package 2: Fusion for whole rock analysis and some trace elements using simultaneous XRF

SiO2 (0.01%) TiO2 (0.01%) Al2O3 (0.01%) Fe2O3 (0.01%) MgO (0.01%) MnO (0.005%) CaO (0.01%)
Na2O (0.01%) K2O (0.01%) P2O5 (0.002%) LOI (1000°C) Cr (50) Ba (100) S (0.002%)
As (20) Cl (0.002%) Co (100) Cu (50) Ni (50) Pb (50) Sn (50)
V (20) Zn (50)

$35.00 per sample

Package 3: Fusion for major and trace element analysis using sequential XRF

Suitable for whole rock analyses, mineral sands, base metals, nickel laterite and bauxite.

Al2O3 (0.01%) As (10) Ba (100) CaO (0.01%) Co (50) Cr (50) Cu (50)
Fe2O3 (0.01%) Hf (50) K2O (0.01%) MgO (0.01%) MnO (0.005%) Na2O (0.01%) Nb (100)
Ni (50) P2O5 (0.01%) Pb (50) S (0.01%) SiO2 (0.01%) Sn (100) Ta (50)
TiO2 (0.01%) V (50) W (50) Y (100) Zn (10) Zr (100)
Single point LOI.

$40.00 per sample.

Package 4: Pressed powder for U using sequential XRF

Suitable for U exploration samples. The upper limit for U is 3000ppm.
U (5) Rb (5) Sr (5) Th (5)

$12.00 per sample.

Package 5: Pressed powder multi element analysis using sequential XRF

Please note: Samples are milled in a tungsten-carbide bowl

Al2O3 (0.01%) As (10) Ba (50) CaO (0.01%) Cu (10) Cr (20) Fe (0.01%)
K2O (0.01%) MgO (0.01%) Mn (0.005%) Mo (5) Nb (5) Ni (10) P (0.001%)
Pb (10) Rb (5) S (0.01%) SiO2 (0.01%) Sn (50) Sr (5) TiO2 (0.005%)
Th (5) U (5) V (20) Y (5) Zn (10) Zr (5)
Single point LOI.

$35.00 per sample

Selected elements by pressed powder and sequential XRF
First element                            $12.00 sample
Subsequent elements                $1.50 each